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Transfer and Assembly Techniques
Directly growing 2D and 1D materials on silicon substrates is typically challenging due to their weak interaction with the silicon surface. These 1D/2D materials are often synthesized on alternative substrates such as sapphire or metal foils at elevated temperatures. To integrate them into silicon wafers, a transfer process for these atomically thin materials is essential, though technically demanding. For 1D materials like carbon nanotubes, the precise assembly of individual nanotubes onto wafers remains a critical challenge for practical device applications.

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